Biochemistry of Vitamins: Molecular Mechanisms

The Krebs cycle and cellular respiration: how mitochondria produce ATP. The role of B-complex, iron, magnesium and CoQ10 in the respiratory chain and energy metabolism.

Adaptogens help the body adapt to stress through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and cortisol regulation. We break down the mechanisms of ashwagandha, rhodiola and ginseng.

Biochemistry of methylation and the folate cycle: history of the discovery of folic acid, benefits for humans, where it is found in food with numbers, daily and monthly norms, the role of MTHFR and why the active form 5-MTHF is preferred with polymorphisms.

Vitamin D metabolism: the path from sunlight and food through the liver and kidneys to the active form and work in the cell via the VDR receptor. Mechanisms, norms, sources.

Endogenous glutathione synthesis — the cell's main antioxidant: the role of NAC, glycine, glutamine and selenium, mechanisms, sources and how to support glutathione levels.

Autophagy — a very detailed guide: the molecular mechanism, triggers (fasting, spermidine, resveratrol, curcumin, exercise), mitophagy, links to longevity and cancer, the 2016 Nobel Prize and practical protocols.